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The explores a hardly known chapter in American-Israeli relations in the mid 1960’s when the United States was concerned about the Israeli nuclear program. As Cohen explains, “That chapter involves the creation of visits system at Dimona that President Kennedy pressed for, and ultimately achieved, believing that such a system – he hoped that visits would be really inspections — would check and prevent Israel to go nuclear. Well, it did not. The United States had nine visits at Dimona from 1961 to 1969, had some suspicions, but never found direct evidence that Israel was engaged in weapons related activities.” As as the article headline notes, “Israel Built a Nuclear Program Right Under the Americans’ Noses.” Based on Cohen and Barr’s recent scholarly publication at the National Security Archive website of a collection of declassified documents, they weave together a story of those American visits at Dimona in the mid-1960s, their findings, and provide historical retrospect analysis why that effort failed.